国法銀行制度の成立について

平井規之 (一橋大学経済研究所)

On National Banking System and Its Significance

Noriyuki Hirai (The Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University)

要旨Abstract

　国法銀行時代（1863-1913）に、同制度は、南北戦争の戦費調達の大宗であった公債売却を通じて公社債市場を発展させ、全国一通貨の発行により「国内為替相場」を限りなくparに近づけた。他方、あえて州法銀行に留まった商業銀行は、発券の権限を国宝銀行に譲り、もっぱらdemand depositsをベースに営業を続け、他方の預金通貨慣行の発展に資した。

　The U.S. National Banking System, 1863 to 1913, contributed to the development of the U.S. commercial banking with the issue of uniform, national bank notes that moved the domestic exchange rates much closer to par, and by strengthening a market for a large block of government securities. State banks, on the other hand, deprived of the power of note issues, continued to operate on the basis of demand deposits. Thus, the great shift toward deposit banking in "country" bank areas.

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書誌情報Bibliographic information

Vol. 51, No. 3, 2000 , pp. 255-270
HERMES-IR（一橋大学機関リポジトリ）: https://hdl.handle.net/10086/20373
JEL Classification Codes: E58, N111