Oct. 25, 2010
企業出荷価格の粘着性―アンケート調査とＰＯＳデータに基づく分析―
Stickiness in Producer and Consumer Prices -Investigation through Survey and Scanner Data-
要旨Abstract
本稿ではわが国の食品・日用雑貨を生産・出荷する企業123社を対象として価格設定行動に関するアンケート調査を行い以下のファインディングを得た．第１に，約９割の企業は原価や需要が変化しても直ちには出荷価格を変更しないという行動をとっており，その意味で価格は粘着的である．その理由としては，原価や需要の情報収集・加工に要する費用や戦略的補完性を挙げる企業の割合がそれぞれ約３割であり，粘着性の主因である．一方，メニューコストなど価格変更の物理的費用は重要でない．第２に，価格の変更頻度については、過去10年間では出荷価格を一度も変更したことのない企業が３割を超えており強い粘着性が存在する．この粘着性は他国と比較しても高い．第３に，アンケートの回答とＰＯＳデータをマッチングさせることにより，メーカー出荷価格変更時における末端価格の変更頻度を大きく上回っている．これらの結果は，末端価格の変動の大部分がメーカー企業ではなく流通企業の行動を反映していることを示唆している．
We ask Japanese manufacturing firms about their price setting behavior and obtain the following results. First, more than ninety percent of the responding firms report that their prices are sticky in the sense that they do not adjust their prices immediately in response to changes in demand or costs. They also report that such stickiness in prices mainly comes from various types of informational costs and strategic complementarity in price setting. Physical costs associated with price changes, such as menu costs, are reported to be unimportant. Second, more than one-third of the firms report that they have never changed their prices over the last decade, indicating that producer prices are much stickier in Japan than in other industrial countries. Third, we compare stickiness in producer and consumer prices by creating a unique dataset that combines the survey results for a product, which is identified by its barcode, with its retail price, which is obtained from the scanner data. Our main finding is that the producer price of a product tends to be by far stickier than the corresponding consumer price, and that there is no significant time-series correlation between the two prices. These two finding suggests that fluctuations in consumer prices come not from changes in the corresponding producer prices, but from changes in retailers' behaviors.
書誌情報Bibliographic information
Vol. 59, No. 4, 2008 , pp. 305-316
HERMES-IR（一橋大学機関リポジトリ）: https://doi.org/10.15057/21233
JEL Classification Codes: E30
