Jul. 25, 2010
現物賃金と経済発展―途上国農村家計の労働供給と食糧確保に焦点を当てて―
Wages in Kind and Economic Development -Their Impacts on Labor Supply and Food Security of Rural Households in Developing Countries-
要旨Abstract
途上国の経済発展における雇用形態の多様性とその機能について，現物賃金が果たす家計の食糧確保という役割に焦点を当てて分析する．まず，経済発展の初期段階において現物賃金が重要であることを様々な資料や統計データから示した上で，既存研究が現物賃金をどのように理論的に理解してきたかを展望する．既存研究で十分議論されていない視点として，食糧市場が薄く，主食価格が変動するリスクに直面する労働者家計に対して，現物賃金が食糧面での安全保障を確保する効果を持つという理論モデルを提示する．この理論モデルからは，家計の食糧需要が硬直的である場合に現物賃金を伴う雇用形態への労働供給が増えることが導出される．ミャンマー農村部のデータを用いたミクロ計量分析結果は，この理論的関係と整合的であった．
This paper investigates the function of various modes of wage payment, focusing on the role of in-kind wages in enhancing household food security in developing countries. It first demonstrates the importance of in-kind wage payment in the initial phase of economic development through compiling historical records from Asian countries including pre-war Japan and colonial India. This section is followed by a survey of theoretical explanations in-kind wages. As a relatively unexplored explanation, this paper then develops a theoretical model of labor supply to different labor contracts, incorporating considerations of food security as the main explanation for in-kind wages. The theoretical model predicts that when food security considerations are important for workers, possibly due to poverty and underdeveloped food markets, they work more under a contract with wages paid in kind (food) than under a contract with wages paid in cash. This prediction is supported by empirical evidence from rural Myanmar. Estimation results of the reduced-form determinants of labor supply show that workers supply more labor to a job whose wages are paid in kind when the share of staple food in workers' budget is higher and the farmland on which they produce food themselves is smaller.
書誌情報Bibliographic information
Vol. 59, No. 3, 2008 , pp. 266-285
HERMES-IR（一橋大学機関リポジトリ）: https://doi.org/10.15057/21535
JEL Classification Codes: J33, Q12, O12
