戦前日本の農家経済調査の今日的意義―農家簿記からハウスホールドの実証研究へ―

尾関学 (一橋大学経済研究所), 佐藤正広 (一橋大学経済研究所附属社会科学統計情報研究センター)

From Agricultural Bookkeeping to Household Analysis -The Formation of the Household Analysis Method and the Role of the Kyoto School in that Process-

Manabu Ozeki (Part-time Lecturer, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University), Masahiro Satow (Research Centre for Information and Statistics of Social Science, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University)

要旨Abstract

　日本が発展途上にあった戦前期の農家経済調査は，農家の現金・現物双方の生産・収入，支出から始まり，資産，さらに労働などを詳細に調査した．この農家経済調査の構造の背景にある経済学から出発し，今日の開発経済学で用いられるハウスホールド・モデルの源流のひとつである，農家主体均衡論が生れた．それは，京都大学における農業経済学の形成と深い関わりをもっていた．
　本稿では，戦前期の農家経済調査，および農家主体均衡論，それぞれの形成と展開について考察する．それは，西欧からの農業経済学と農家簿記の導入と受容，そして日本での農業経済学と農家経済調査の形成，最後に，第二次世界大戦後に日本で生れた農家主体均衡論が海外へ紹介されていく過程をあつかう．この農家主体均衡論をその源流のひとつとするハウスホールド・モデルによって，発展途上にあった戦前日本の農家の分析を行い，現代の途上国と比較することは，実りのある研究を生み出すであろう．その可能性を有するのが，戦前日本の農家経済調査なのである．

　The aim of this paper is to give a brief account of the history of the household analysis, focusing on the following two aspects: 1) the development of the Nouka-keizai-chosa (the survey of farming household budget) in pre WWII Japan, 2) the formation process of the Nouka-shutai-kinko-ron (the subjective equilibrium theory of the farm household) as the theoretical backbone of the Nouka-keizai-chosa.
In this history Masao Ohtsuki played the crucial role. In 1921, being concerned in the estimating process of the schedules of the Nouka-keizai-chosa, he keenly felt the need of innovation of agricultural bookkeeping system, and further, the need of an appropriate theory for Japanese peasant economy. He thus visited Prof. Laur, a Swiss scholar, at his institute for agricultural bookkeeping system for a year. At that institute Ohtsuki discovered the research of some years before of a Russian agricultural economist, Prof. Chayanov. Under the influence of Chayanov's theory of the Russian peasant economy Ohtsuki was able to develop his own theoretical thought. In 1950s and 1960s the theory was presented by O. Tanaka and C. Nakajima, Otsuki's former students and his successors at the Kyoto University, at international conferences. They played a certain role on formation of the household analysis method in the development economics.

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書誌情報Bibliographic information

Vol. 59, No. 1, 2008 , pp. 59-73
HERMES-IR（一橋大学機関リポジトリ）: https://hdl.handle.net/10086/19824