Oct. 25, 2011
「役に立つ」経済分析とは―『経済研究』31-59巻掲載の労働経済論稿を読む―
Truly 'useful' Analysis in Economics -A Survey of Labor-Economics Papers Printed on This Journal during the Years 1980-2008-
要旨Abstract
過去30年に亘って本誌が掲載した労働経済の論稿のなかから，人口，雇傭，賃金，所得分布，労使関係の5点に焦点を絞って論評する．すなわち，これらの研究の成果を，（１）明治期には死亡率は低下せず，人口転換は1920-30年に起きた，また近年の人口成長率の減退の一因は社会意識の変化に求められる，（２）長期安定的雇傭システムの機能は未だに衰えていない，（３）賃金は労働生産性によってその水準が規定されるだけでなく，相対賃金比を介して生産効率に影響を及ぼす，（４）所得分布は初期工業化の過程で不平等化し，高度成長の過程で急激に平等化した後，その後再び不平等化する兆がある，（５）労働組合活動は第一次石油危機を頂点にその後減退しているが，企業経営における労使関係の重要性まで減退したわけではない，と総括したあと，（６）実証研究が学界の共有財産として機能するためには使用された統計資料・ワークシート等を公的に保管して研究者一般の利用に提供するべく，学術アーカイヴを設立するのは喫緊の課題だと主張する．
Thirty nine empirical studies, appeared on this journal, volumes 31-59, relating to labor economics ((1) population, (2) employment, (3) wages, (4) income distribution, and (5) industrial relations) have been selected as exemplary contributions for broadening one's knowledge about the labor market, with the following major findings. (1) The Meiji era, the initial phase of Japan's industrialization, did not register a clear decline in the death rate, postponing the population transition to 1920-30. Changing social consciousness in the country towards the late twentieth century, on the other hand, has contributed to a decline in the birth rate. (2) The Japanese labor market in the 1990s still retained its notable characteristic of employment tenure, i.e. long-term employment relationships. (3) Wages, while conditioned by marginal labor productivity, also affect one's own work efficiency via the comparison (higher or lower) relative to fellow workers' earnings. (4) Trends toward inequality in Japanese income distribution in the early twentieth century, while halted and reversed during the 1960s-1980s, has reappeared since the closing of the high growth period. (5) Whereas the Japanese labor movement weakened after the early 1970s, the vital importance in corporate management of stable, co-operative industrial relations has remained unchanged throughout the period under observation. The paper ends by advocating for future references and follow-up studies the establishment of academic archives that store the statistical databases, which have been made use of by the authors of empirical investigations such as those surveyed by the present paper.
書誌情報Bibliographic information
Vol. 60, No. 4, 2009 , pp. 314-322
HERMES-IR（一橋大学機関リポジトリ）: https://doi.org/10.15057/21689
JEL Classification Codes: J00, O15, N35
