厚生経済学の源流 —マーシャル、ラスキン、福田徳三—

西沢保 (一橋大学経済研究所)

Some Origins of Welfare Economics: Marshall, Ruskin and Tokuzo Fukuda

Tamotsu Nishizawa (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University)

要旨Abstract

　本稿は、厚生経済学の源流の有り様を創設期に遡って解明しようとする．ピグーの『厚生経済学』は，功利主義・経済厚生主義に基づく「新」「旧」厚生経済学の歴史の原点・源流になった．しかし，厚生経済学の創設期は福祉国家の形成期でもあり，多様な福祉の経済思想・厚生観が存在した．新古典派経済学を進めるケンブリッジとは別にオクスフォード・アプローチがあり，「生こそ富」というラスキンの思想を展開するホブソンのような「もう一つの厚生経済学・福祉の経済学」が，かなりの広がりをもっていた．本稿は，そうした非厚生主義的な福祉の経済学の源流を念頭に，マーシャルの福祉観・福祉の経済思想を有機的成長論のなかで再検討する．ラスキンとマーシャルの思想の部分的な類似性を指摘し，福田徳三の「厚生経済研究」によって「もう一つの源流」の広がりを検証する．

　This paper investigates the origins of welfare economics starting from its formative age. Pigou's Economics of Welfare started a history of ‘old’ and ‘new’ welfare economics based on economic welfarism. But at that time there were multiple economic ideas on welfare. While the main stream was the Cambridge school using a neo-classical approach, there was also the Oxford approach. ‘Another economics of welfare’, developed by people like Hobson, and emanating from Ruskin's ‘no wealth but life’, was quite influential. This paper, considering the origin of non-welfaristic economics of welfare, re-examines Marshall's welfare and his organic growth theory. The paper points out some commonality between Marshall's ideas and Ruskin's, and make clearer the existence of the non-welfaristic economic ideas by referring to Fukuda's welfare economic studies.

Full Text

書誌情報Bibliographic information

Vol. 65, No. 2, 2014 , pp. 97-112
HERMES-IR（一橋大学機関リポジトリ）: https://doi.org/10.15057/27353
JEL Classification Codes: B13, B15, N33